The New Programmable Layer of Abstraction

As Andrej Karpathy put it: there’s a new programmable layer of abstraction to master.

In the no-code days, the abstraction layer to master was drag-and-drop tools like Webflow, Zapier, and Airtable. You’d stitch them together and make it feel like real software (until you hit a limit).

But now, instead of thinking “you’ve got to learn to write code from scratch to do all of this,” the real skill to learn is actually how to work with an AI agent. How can you prompt it well? How can you make sure it’s got the right context? And how can it help you understand what you’re building, how the pieces work together, and how to improve your own system over time?

That includes all the new building blocks: agents, subagents, prompts, context, memory, skills, hooks, and more.